Corpus Christi Feast –

Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ

A nun, a priest and a pope behind establishing the feast…

This feast (a Solemnity is a Feast of the highest rank) was established by Pope Urban IV in the 13th century. There is a quite interesting story behind it. The story involves a nun, a priest and a pope. Before he was elected pope in 1261, Urban was born Jacques Pantaléon in France in a family of humble origin. First he became a priest in Lyon, then a professor of Canon Law (Church’s Law) at Paris, Archdeacon in Liège, Belgium and bishop of Verdun and next patriarch of Jerusalem.

In the context of establishing the Feast of Corpus Christi, it is worth highlighting his stay in the region of Liège. What happened there at that time? Near Liège at the end of the 12th century twin girls were born: Juliana and Agnes. At the age of five they were orphaned and entrusted into the care of Augustinian nuns at the convent of Mont Cornillon. Agnes seems to have died young but Juliana grew to become so learned that she could read the Church Fathers in Latin and eventually became an Augustinian nun. From her early years Juliana had a great devotion to the Eucharist. When Juliana was 16 she had her first vision and then again subsequently several times during her Eucharistic Adoration she also had visions. The Lord made her understand the meaning of what had happened to her: she was asked to plead for instituting a liturgical feast dedicated to the Most Blessed Sacrament in which the faithful would be able to adore the Eucharist so as to increase in faith, to advance in the practice of the virtues, and to make reparation for offences to the Most Holy Sacrament.

After having overcome some obstacles, the feast was established for the Diocese of Liège by its bishop and it was there that idea was introduced to archdeacon Jacques Pantaléon who later became Pope Urban IV. Juliana was canonized and is known as St. Juliana of Liège or of Mont Cornillon or of Cornillon.
In 1263 a German priest, Peter of Prague, while making his pilgrimage to Rome stopped in Bolsena, in the Church of St. Christina, to celebrate Mass. While saying the consecration prayer he doubted Christ being actually present in the consecrated bread and wine. At the moment of his disbelief, blood began trickling from the consecrated host onto the altar and corporal. The priest immediately reported this miracle to the pope who at that time resided nearby in Orvieto. Urban IV sent his emissaries to investigate the miraculous event and ordered to bring the host and the bloodstained corporal to Orvieto. The relics then were placed in the Cathedral of Orvieto, where they remain today.

Inspired by the miracle, Pope Urban IV commissioned a Dominican friar, St. Thomas Aquinas, to compose the Mass and Office for the feast of Corpus Christi. Aquinas’ hymns in honour of the Holy Eucharist, Pange Lingua, Tantum Ergo, Panis Angelicus, and O Salutaris Hostia are the beloved hymns that the Church sings on the feast of Corpus Christi as well as throughout the liturgical year during Exposition and Benediction of the Most Blessed Sacrament and Eucharistic processions.